2021 - UMR Silva

[hal-03282821] The GenTree Platform: growth traits and tree-level environmental data in 12 European forest tree species

Progress in the field of evolutionary forest ecology has been hampered by the huge challenge of phenotyping trees across their ranges in their natural environments, and the limitation in high-resolution environmental information;The GenTree Platform contains phenotypic and environmental data from 4,959 trees from 12 ecologically and economically important European forest tree species: Abies alba Mill. (silver fir), Betula pendula Roth. (silver birch), Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech), Picea abies (L.) H. Karst (Norway spruce), Pinus cembra L. (Swiss stone pine), Pinus halepensis Mill. (Aleppo pine), Pinus nigra Arnold (European black pine), Pinus pinaster Aiton (maritime pine), Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine), Populus nigra L. (European black poplar), Taxus baccata L. (English yew), and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. (sessile oak). Phenotypic (height, diameter at breast height, crown size, bark thickness, biomass, straightness, forking, branch angle, fructification), regeneration, environmental in situ measurements (soil depth, vegetation cover, competition indices), and environmental modeling data extracted by using bilinear interpolation accounting for surrounding conditions of each tree (precipitation, temperature, insolation, drought indices) were obtained from trees in 194 sites covering the species’ geographic ranges and reflecting local environmental gradients. The GenTree Platform is a new resource for investigating ecological and evolutionary processes in forest trees. The coherent phenotyping and environmental characterization across 12 species in their European ranges allow for a wide range of analyses from forest ecologists, conservationists, and macro-ecologists. Also, the data here presented can be linked to the GenTree Dendroecological collection, the GenTree Leaf Trait collection, and the GenTree Genomic collection presented elsewhere, which together build the largest evolutionary forest ecology data collection available.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lars Opgenoorth) 17 Nov 2021

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03282821v1

[hal-03013971] Scientific and human errors in a snow model intercomparison

Twenty-seven models participated in the Earth System Model - Snow Model Intercomparison Project (ESM-SnowMIP), the most data-rich MIP dedicated to snow modelling. Our findings do not support the hypothesis advanced by previous snow MIPs: evaluating models against more variables, and providing evaluation datasets extended temporally and spatially does not facilitate identification of key new processes requiring improvement to model snow mass and energy budgets, even at point scales. In fact, the same modelling issues identified by previous snow MIPs arose: albedo is a major source of uncertainty, surface exchange parametrizations are problematic and individual model performance is inconsistent. This lack of progress is attributed partly to the large number of human errors that led to anomalous model behaviour and to numerous resubmissions. It is unclear how widespread such errors are in our field and others; dedicated time and resources will be needed to tackle this issue to prevent highly sophisticated models and their research outputs from being vulnerable because of avoidable human mistakes. The design of and the data available to successive snow MIPs were also questioned. Evaluation of models against bulk snow properties was found to be sufficient for 15 some but inappropriate for more complex snow models whose skills at simulating internal snow properties remained untested. Discussions between the authors of this paper on the purpose of MIPs revealed varied, and sometimes contradictory, motivations behind their participation. These findings started a collaborative effort to adapt future snow MIPs to respond to the diverse needs of the community

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Cecile Menard) 19 Nov 2020

https://hal.science/hal-03013971v1

[hal-03174198] Pulse labelling of deep soil layers in forest with 13 CH 4 : testing a new method for tracing methane in the upper horizons, understorey vegetation and tree stems using laserbased spectrometry

Methane emissions from plants in wetlands are mainly due to internal transport, from the anoxic soil layers where methane is produced, to the atmosphere. This pathway has not yet been clearly demonstrated for upland forest vegetation, where methane can be produced in deep soil layers. We developed a new method to trace methane transfer from the deep soil. We conducted a 13 CH 4 pulse labelling at 40-cm soil depth and then monitored 13 CH 4 in the upper horizons, at the soil surface (with or without understorey vegetation) and emitted by tree stems until the total disappearance of the labelled gas. Most of the injected 13 CH 4 was oxidized in the soil despite high soil water content. The understorey vegetation did not contribute to 13 CH 4 emission by the soil. We prove that tree stems can emit methane produced in an upland forest soil, even when the said soil is a net methane sink. We conclude that pulse labelling with 13 CH 4 and tracing by laser-based spectrometry is a promising tool approach to study the transport of methane from production to emission.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Caroline Plain) 19 Mar 2021

https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-03174198v1

[hal-03412975] Are differences among forest tree populations in carbon isotope composition an indication for adaptation to drought?

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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Oliver Brendel) 23 Nov 2021

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03412975v1

[hal-03137074] Shifts in soil and plant functional diversity along an altitudinal gradient in the French Alps

Altitude integrates changes in environmental conditions that determine shifts in vegetation, including temperature, precipitation, radiation and edaphogenetic processes. In turn, vegetation alters soil biophysical properties through litter input, root growth, microbial and macrofaunal interactions. The belowground traits of plant communities modify soil processes in different ways, but it is not known how root traits influence soil biota at the community level. We collected data to investigate how elevation affects belowground community traits and soil microbial and faunal communities. This dataset comprises data from a temperate climate in France and a twin study was performed in a tropical zone in Mexico.Data description: The paper describes soil physical and chemical properties, climatic variables, plant community composition and species abundance, plant community traits, soil microbial functional diversity and macrofaunal abundance and diversity. Data are provided for six elevations (1400 – 2400 m) ranging from montane forest to alpine prairie. We focused on soil biophysical properties beneath three dominant plant species that structure local vegetation. These data are useful for understanding how shifts in vegetation communities affect belowground processes, such as water infiltration, soil aggregation and carbon storage. Data will also help researchers understand how plant communitiesadjust to a changing climate/environment

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alexia Stokes) 10 Feb 2021

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03137074v1

[hal-04674563] The three major axes of terrestrial ecosystem function

The leaf economics spectrum[1,2] and the global spectrum of plant forms and functions[3] revealed fundamental axes of variation in plant traits, which represent different ecological strategies that are shaped by the evolutionary development of plant species[2]. Ecosystem functions depend on environmental conditions and the traits of species that comprise the ecological communities[4]. However, the axes of variation of ecosystem functions are largely unknown, which limits our understanding of how ecosystems respond as a whole to anthropogenic drivers, climate and environmental variability[4,5]. Here we derive a set of ecosystem functions[6] from a dataset of surface gas exchange measurements across major terrestrial biomes. We find that most of the variability within ecosystem functions (71.8%) is captured by three key axes. The first axis reflects maximum ecosystem productivity and is mostly explained by vegetation structure. The second axis reflects ecosystem water-use strategies and is jointly explained by variation in vegetation height and climate. The third axis, which represents ecosystem carbon-use efficiency, features a gradient related to aridity, and is explained primarily by variation in vegetation structure. We show that two state-of-the-art land surface models reproduce the first and most important axis of ecosystem functions. However, the models tend to simulate more strongly correlated functions than those observed, which limits their ability to accurately predict the full range of responses to environmental changes in carbon, water and energy cycling in terrestrial ecosystems[7,8]. © 2021. The Author(s).

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mirco Migliavacca) 21 Aug 2024

https://hal.science/hal-04674563v1

[hal-03261880] Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: the SAPFLUXNET database

Plant transpiration links physiological responses of vegetation to water supply and demand with hydrological, energy, and carbon budgets at the land–atmosphere interface. However, despite being the main land evaporative flux at the global scale, transpiration and its response to environmental drivers are currently not well constrained by observations. Here we introduce the first global compilation of whole-plant transpiration data from sap flow measurements (SAPFLUXNET, https://sapfluxnet.creaf.cat/, last access: 8 June 2021). We harmonized and quality-controlled individual datasets supplied by contributors worldwide in a semi-automatic data workflow implemented in the R programming language. Datasets include sub-daily time series of sap flow and hydrometeorological drivers for one or more growing seasons, as well as metadata on the stand characteristics, plant attributes, and technical details of the measurements. SAPFLUXNET contains 202 globally distributed datasets with sap flow time series for 2714 plants, mostly trees, of 174 species. SAPFLUXNET has a broad bioclimatic coverage, with woodland/shrubland and temperate forest biomes especially well represented (80 % of the datasets). The measurements cover a wide variety of stand structural characteristics and plant sizes. The datasets encompass the period between 1995 and 2018, with 50 % of the datasets being at least 3 years long. Accompanying radiation and vapour pressure deficit data are available for most of the datasets, while on-site soil water content is available for 56 % of the datasets. Many datasets contain data for species that make up 90 % or more of the total stand basal area, allowing the estimation of stand transpiration in diverse ecological settings. SAPFLUXNET adds to existing plant trait datasets, ecosystem flux networks, and remote sensing products to help increase our understanding of plant water use, plant responses to drought, and ecohydrological processes. SAPFLUXNET version 0.1.5 is freely available from the Zenodo repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3971689; Poyatos et al., 2020a). The “sapfluxnetr” R package – designed to access, visualize, and process SAPFLUXNET data – is available from CRAN.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rafael Poyatos) 16 Jun 2021

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03261880v1

[hal-02934522] Estimation of dairy goat body composition: A direct calibration and comparison of eight methods

The objective was to compare eight methods for estimation of dairy goat body composition, by calibrating against chemical composition (water, lipid, protein, mineral and energy) measured post-mortem. The methods tested on 20 Alpine goats were body condition score (BCS), 3-dimension imaging (3D) automatic assessment of BCS or whole body scan, ultrasound, computer tomography (CT), adipose cell diameter, deuterium oxide dilution space (D 2 OS) and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS). Regressions were tested between predictive variates derived from the methods and empty body (EB) composition. The best equations for estimation of EB lipid mass included BW combined with i) perirenal adipose tissue mass and cell diameter (R 2 = 0.95, residual standard deviation, rSD = 0.57 kg), ii) volume of fatty tissues measured by CT (R 2 = 0.92, rSD = 0.76 kg), iii) D 2 OS (R 2 = 0.91, rSD = 0.85 kg), and iv) resistance at infinite frequency from BIS (R 2 = 0.87, rSD = 1.09 kg). The D 2 OS combined with BW provided the best equation for EB protein mass (R 2 = 0.97, rSD = 0.17 kg), whereas BW alone provided a fair estimate (R 2 = 0.92, rSD = 0.25 kg). Sternal BCS combined with BW provided good estimation of EB lipid and protein mass (R 2 = 0.80 and 0.95, rSD = 1.27 and 0.22 kg, respectively). Compared to manual BCS, BCS by 3D slightly decreased the precision of the predictive equation for EB lipid (R 2 = 0.74, rSD = 1.46 kg), and did not improve the estimation of EB protein compared with BW alone. Ultrasound measurements and whole body 3D imaging methods were not satisfactory estimators of body composition (R 2 ≤ 0.40). Further developments in body composition techniques may contribute for high-throughput phenotyping of robustness.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sylvain Lerch) 09 Sep 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02934522v1

[hal-03516967] Retrieval and validation of forest background reflectivity from daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) data across European forests

Information about forest background reflectance is needed for accurate biophysical parameter retrieval from forest canopies (overstory) with remote sensing. Separating under- and overstory signals would enable more accurate modeling of forest carbon and energy fluxes. We retrieved values of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the forest understory with the multi-angular Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF)/albedo data (gridded 500 m daily Collection 6 product), using a method originally developed for boreal forests. The forest floor background reflectance estimates from the MODIS data were compared with in situ understory reflectance measurements carried out at an extensive set of forest ecosystem experimental sites across Europe. The reflectance estimates from MODIS data were, hence, tested across diverse forest conditions and phenological phases during the growing season to examine their applicability for ecosystems other than boreal forests. Here we report that the method can deliver good retrievals, especially over different forest types with open canopies (low foliage cover). The performance of the method was found to be limited over forests with closed canopies (high foliage cover), where the signal from understory becomes too attenuated. The spatial heterogeneity of individual field sites and the limitations and documented quality of the MODIS BRDF product are shown to be important for the correct assessment and validation of the retrievals obtained with remote sensing.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jan Pisek) 07 Jan 2022

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03516967v1

[hal-04226966] Drought elicits contrasting responses on the autumn dynamics of wood formation in late successional deciduous tree species

Abstract Research on wood phenology has mainly focused on reactivation of the cambium in spring. In this study we investigated if summer drought advances cessation of wood formation and if it has any influence on wood structure in late successional forest trees of the temperate zone. The end of xylogenesis was monitored between August and November in stands of European beech and pedunculate oak in Belgium for two consecutive years, 2017 and 2018, with the latter year having experienced an exceptional summer drought. Wood formation in oak was affected by the drought, with oak trees ceasing cambial activity and wood maturation about 3 weeks earlier in 2018 compared with 2017. Beech ceased wood formation before oak, but its wood phenology did not differ between years. Furthermore, between the 2 years, no significant difference was found in ring width, percentage of mature fibers in the late season, vessel size and density. In 2018, beech did show thinner fiber walls, whereas oak showed thicker walls. In this paper, we showed that summer drought can have an important impact on late season wood phenology xylem development. This will help to better understand forest ecosystems and improve forest models.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Inge Dox) 03 Oct 2023

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04226966v1

[hal-02735790] The within-population variability of leaf spring and autumn phenology is influenced by temperature in temperate deciduous trees

Leaf phenology is a major driver of ecosystem functioning in temperate forests and a robust indicator of climate change. Both the interannual and inter-population variability of leaf phenology have received much attention in the literature; in contrast, the withinpopulation variability of leaf phenology has been far less studied. Beyond its impact on individual tree physiological processes, the within-population variability of leaf phenology can affect the estimation of the average budburst or leaf senescence dates at the population scale. Here, we monitored the progress of spring and autumn leaf phenology over 14 tree populations (9 tree species) in six European forests over the period of 2011 to 2018 (yielding 16 site-years of data for spring, 14 for autumn). We monitored 27 to 512 (with a median of 62) individuals per population. We quantified the within-population variability of leaf phenology as the standard deviation of the distribution of individual dates of budburst or leaf senescence (SDBBi and SDLSi, respectively). Given the natural variability of phenological dates occurring in our tree populations, we estimated from the data that a minimum sample size of 28 (resp. 23) individuals, are required to estimate SDBBi (resp. SDLSi) with a precision of 3 (resp. 7) days. The within-population of leaf senescence (average SDLSi = 8.5 days) was on average two times larger than for budburst (average SDBBi = 4.0 days). We evidenced that warmer temperature during the budburst period and a late average budburst date were associated with a lower SDBBi, as a result of a quicker spread of budburst in tree populations, with a strong species effect. Regarding autumn phenology, we observed that later senescence and warm temperatures during the senescence period were linked with a high SDLSi, with a strong species effect. The shares of variance explained by our models were modest suggesting that other factors likely influence the within-population variation in leaf phenology. For instance, a detailed analysis revealed that summer temperatures were negatively correlated with a lower SDLSi.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rémy Denéchère) 07 Dec 2022

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02735790v1

[hal-03299186] Mixing beech with fir or pubescent oak does not help mitigate drought exposure at the limit of its climatic range

In the context of climate change, it remains unclear whether mixed-species forests will help mitigate the impacts of future droughts and, if so, through which processes. As European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the major European species, it is crucial to evaluate its response to drought when mixed with species with contrasted functional traits and in contrasted climatic conditions, particularly at the limit of its climatic range. This study aimed to (i) characterize the effects of tree species interactions on the drought exposure of beech in southeastern France, and (ii) determine whether belowground water uptake complementarity underlies these effects. We focused on beech-silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and beech-pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) forests across six sites in the French pre-Alps, a region at the limit of the climatic range for beech. We used a triplet approach to compare the tree-ring carbon isotope composition (δ 13 C) of these species in pure and two-species mixed stands during a period of dry years, and used water hydrogen isotope composition (δ 2 H) in the xylem to identify water uptake sources. Overall, we found no clear mixture effect pattern on beech physiological functioning among sites and triplets. In beech-fir sites, mixing beech with fir had no effect on beech δ 13 C values during dry years. In beech-oak sites, mixture effects on beech were mostly neutral, although sometimes beech suffered from a stronger exposure to drought in mixed stands. Our study emphasizes the impact of the tree sampling design on the outcome of studies on forest biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Limiting tree sampling to dominant trees when analyzing stand-level relationships may bias these outcomes. We evidenced differences in water uptake sources between beech and fir, but not between beech and oak during a dry summer. However, these patterns did not help explain the lack of species mixture effects, or existence thereof, at the triplet scale. Our study demonstrates that managing beech in mixed stands with silver fir or pubescent oak at the limit of beech climatic range does not buffer drought impacts on beech during dry years. In the long term, with more frequent extreme droughts, promoting beech-fir mixtures will not be detrimental to beech drought response, while beech may suffer in mixtures with pubescent oak.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Soline Martin-Blangy) 09 Aug 2021

https://hal.science/hal-03299186v1

[hal-04229676] A comprehensive framework for seasonal controls of leaf abscission and productivity in evergreen broadleaved tropical and subtropical forests

Three climate-phenology regimes are identified across tropical and subtropical forest biomes-Where light and water limit plant in dry season, litterfall and productivity peak in sunny wet season-Where light or water alternately limits plant, productivity peaks in wet season with low litterfall-Where water does not limit plant, litterfall and productivity peak in sunny dry season ll www.cell.com/the-innovation

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Xueqin Yang) 05 Oct 2023

https://hal.science/hal-04229676v1

[hal-03278925] Method comparison of indirect assessments of understory leaf area index (LAIu): A case study across the extended network of ICOS forest ecosystem sites in Europe

Leaf area index (LAI) is a key ecological indicator for describing the structure of canopies and for modelling energy exchange between atmosphere and biosphere. While LAI of the forest overstory can be accurately assessed over large spatial scales via remote sensing, LAI of the forest understory (LAIu) is still largely ignored in ecological studies and ecosystem modelling due to the fact that it is often too complex to be destructively sampled or approximated by other site parameters. Additionally, so far only few attempts have been made to retrieve understory LAI via remote sensing, because dense canopies with high LAI are often hindering retrieval algorithms to produce meaningful estimates for understory LAI. Consequently, the forest understory still constitutes a poorly investigated research realm impeding ecological studies to properly account for its contribution to the energy absorption capacity of forest stands. This study aims to compare three conceptually different indirect retrieval methodologies for LAIu over a diverse panel of forest understory types distributed across Europe. For this we carried out near-to-surface measurements of understory reflectance spectra as well as digital surface photography over the extended network of Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) forest ecosystem sites. LAIu was assessed by exploiting the empirical relationship between vegetation cover and light absorption (Beer-Lambert- Bouguer law) as well as by utilizing proposed relationships with two prominent vegetation indices: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and simple ratio (SR). Retrievals from the three methods were significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.63–0.99, RMSE = 0.53–0.72), but exhibited also significant bias depending on the LAI scale. The NDVI based retrieval approach most likely overestimates LAI at productive sites when LAIu > 2, while the simple ratio algorithm overestimates LAIu at sites with sparse understory vegetation and presence of litter or bare soil. The purely empirical method based on the Beer-Lambert law of light absorption seems to offer a good compromise, since it provides reasonable LAIu values at both low and higher LAI ranges. Surprisingly, LAIu variation among sites seems to be largely decoupled from differences in climate and light permeability of the overstory, but significantly increased with vegetation diversity (expressed as species richness) and hence proposes new applications of LAIu in ecological modelling.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jan-Peter George) 06 Jul 2021

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03278925v1

[hal-03423711] Quels besoins de connaissances pour le futur des forêts en France ? Au-delà du plan de relance

Le plan France Relance lancé en septembre 2020 prévoit des mesures forestières sur 2 ans, avec un accent sur la reconstitution des peuplements forestiers sinistrés, affaiblis par les sécheresses ou attaqués par les scolytes. Cependant la crise forestière liée au changement climatique est partie pour durer et les efforts sur les connaissances à acquérir pour aider la forêt à s’adapter au changement climatique devront être poursuivis sur le long terme. Nous identifions quatre enjeux principaux, fortement liés à la préservation de la biodiversité : 1) S’assurer des conditions de succès d’établissement des forêts plantées. 2) Tirer parti des dynamiques naturelles et de la biodiversité pour limiter les risques. 3) Raisonner territorialement, impliquer davantage les acteurs. 4) Connecter les enjeux nationaux aux enjeux économiques mondiaux.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Maya Leroy) 10 Nov 2021

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03423711v1

[hal-03424361] Mixture effect on radial stem and shoot growth differs and varies with temperature

The effect of species diversity on forest productivity and its temporal stability is known to be species-, climateand site-dependent and is mostly apprehended through stem diameter. Therefore, it remains largely unknown whether the mixture effect on the growth of tree crowns is similar to its effect on the growth of tree diameter. However, it is commonly accepted that changes in crown architecture are an important component of tree response to tree species diversity. Moreover, the mixture effect on species is often asymmetric, i.e. the effect of a species A on a species B is not equal to the effect of species B on A. It then appears that considering the effects of both species mixture and climate on shoot growth could contrast the results coming mainly from stem growth. We studied the effects of tree species mixture and temperature on the annual growth of shoots and basal area of stems in Fagus sylvatica-Quercus pubescens and Fagus sylvatica-Abies alba stands along a Mediterranean-Alpine gradient, for four years in five sites. The sample design was organized in 10 triplets: four triplets of mono-and bispecific plots of Quercus pubescens and Fagus sylvatica and six triplets of mono-and bi-specific plots of Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica along an altitudinal gradient ranging from 725 m to 1431 m. We found that the mixture effect on annual shoot volume increment (SVI) and on basal area increment (BAI) was asymmetrical in seven out of 10 cases and not significant in the three remaining cases. Mixture effect on SVI ranked from − 56% to 157% and on BAI it ranked from − 40% to 252%. Eventually we found that mixture effect was dependent on the type of limiting factor for growth, with at the driest sites a predominance of competition effects and at the coldest site a positive mixture effect on the two species studied. Branch growth appears as a variable that can be at least as informative as radial growth regarding the tree response to species interactions. This implies that considering only stem diameter in the diversity-productivity relationship can lead to biased conclusions on the global mixture effect on tree growth, which calls for a comprehensive approach of the tree response to tree species diversity. Our results are discussed in the light of the species stress tolerances and strategies to cope with competition.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Maude Toïgo) 10 Mar 2023

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03424361v1

[hal-03334205] Numerical classification of the Carici caryophylleae-Genistetea lobelii in Corsica (France)

The class ‘Carici caryophylleae-Genistetea lobelii Klein 1972’ corresponds to Cyrno-Sardian oromediterranean cushion-scrubs and related grasslands. In France, this class is only present in Corsica and the syntaxonomic scheme is debated among phytosociologists. This paper aims to highlight the main plant associations of the Carici caryophylleae-Genistetea lobelii Klein 1972 and to define the diagnostic species for each phytosociological unit. Diagnostic species are defined as species with a distinct concentration of occurrence or abundance in a particular vegetation unit. We compiled 519 vegetation plots and we applied the EuroVegChecklist expert system for the classes of European vegetation to only retain vegetation plots belonging to the Carici caryophylleae-Genistetea lobelii. We obtained a dataset with 189 vegetation plots, and we classified them using the Modified TWINSPAN classification. Our analyses identified six plant associations and three sub-associations that have already been described in the literature; and we were able to describe a new alliance corresponding to supramediterranean plant communities (Genistion salzmannii). For each of them, we identified diagnostic, constant, and dominant species and produced their distribution map. Formal definitions were then written for each phytosociological unit (from sub-association to class) and grouped in an expert system to classify the plant communities of the Carici caryophylleae-Genistetea lobelii.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (P. Delbosc) 27 Jan 2023

https://hal.science/hal-03334205v1

[hal-03293479] The climatic debt is growing in the understorey of temperate forests: Stand characteristics matter

Aim. Climate warming reshuffles biological assemblages towards less cold-adapted but more warm-adapted species, a process coined thermophilization. However, the velocity at which this process is happening generally lags behind the velocity of climate change, generating a climatic debt the temporal dynamics of which remain misunderstood. Relying on high-resolution time series of vegetation data from a long-term monitoring network of permanent forest plots, we aim at quantifying the temporal dynamics – up to a yearly resolution – of the climatic debt in the understorey of temperate forests before identifying the key determinants that modulate it. Location. France. Time period. 1995–2017. Taxa studied. Vascular plants. Methods. We used the community temperature index (CTI) to produce a time series of understorey plant community thermophilization, which we subsequently compared to a time series of mean annual temperature changes over the same period and for the same sites. The direction and magnitude of the difference (i.e., the climatic debt) was finally analysed using linear mixed-effect models to assess the relative contributions of abiotic and biotic determinants, including forest stand characteristics. Results. We found a significant increase in CTI values over time (0.08–0.09 °C/decade), whereas the velocity of mean annual temperature changes was three times higher over the same period (0.22–0.28 °C/decade). Hence, the climatic debt increased over time and was greater in forest stands with higher basal area or older trees as well as under warmer macroclimate. By contrast, a greater frequency of anthropogenic disturbances decreased the climatic debt, while natural disturbances and herbivory had no impact. Conclusions. Although often overlooked in understanding the climatic debt of forest biodiversity, changes in forest stand characteristics may modulate the climatic debt by locally modifying microclimatic conditions. Notably, the buffering effect of the upper canopy layer implies microclimate dynamics that may provide more time for understorey plant communities to locally adapt.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Benoit Richard) 21 Jul 2021

https://hal.science/hal-03293479v1

[hal-03780057] Mechanical properties of secondary quality beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) obtained from thinning, and their relationship to structural parameters

Context: Using secondary qualities and small logs of hardwoods such as beech and oak for engineered wood products is an increasingly important issue due to the technological challenges of processing smaller logs and denser woods. Secondary quality hardwoods are expected to have less variation in mechanical properties compared to softwoods with high juvenile wood content. Aims: The first objective of this study was to investigate the radial variation in wood properties of suppressed growth beech and oak trees obtained from thinning operations. The second objective was to develop a model to predict the mechanical properties of these hardwood species based on their structural parameters.• MethodsThe microfibril angle, ring wood density, and ring width from the pith to the bark were determined using an X-ray densitometer. The modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture were evaluated on the small clear specimen using a three-point bending test. The wood density, grain angle, and microfibril angle of this small clear specimen were also measured. ResultsThe results show that the juvenile wood in oak has a wider ring and higher microfibril angle, whereas it has wider latewood and higher microfibril angle in beech. For both species, the juvenile wood occupies a very small area, less than 5 cm from the pith. The mechanical properties of oak and beech wood from suppressed growth trees are comparable to properties reported in the literature for dominant trees. The modulus of elasticity of oak was best predicted using wood density, grain angle, and microfibril angle. The modulus of rupture of oak is better predicted with wood density and grain angle, whereas it is best predicted with wood density alone for beech. ConclusionJuvenile wood found in the suppressed growth trees of both hardwoods can be used in place of mature wood. It is important to take structural parameters into account when predicting the mechanical properties of hardwood species.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Citra Yanto Ciki Purba) 19 Sep 2022

https://hal.science/hal-03780057v1

[hal-04528777] Improvement of modeling plant responses to low soil moisture in JULESvn4.9 and evaluation against flux tower measurements

Drought is predicted to increase in the future due to climate change, bringing with it myriad impacts on ecosystems. Plants respond to drier soils by reducing stomatal conductance in order to conserve water and avoid hydraulic damage. Despite the importance of plant drought responses for the global carbon cycle and local and regional climate feedbacks, land surface models are unable to capture observed plant responses to soil moisture stress. We assessed the impact of soil moisture stress on simulated gross primary productivity (GPP) and latent energy flux (LE) in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) vn4.9 on seasonal and annual timescales and evaluated 10 different representations of soil moisture stress in the model. For the default configuration, GPP was more realistic in temperate biome sites than in the tropics or high-latitude (cold-region) sites, while LE was best simulated in temperate and high-latitude (cold) sites. Errors that were not due to soil moisture stress, possibly linked to phenology, contributed to model biases for GPP in tropical savanna and deciduous forest sites. We found that three alternative approaches to calculating soil moisture stress produced more realistic results than the default parameterization for most biomes and climates. All of these involved increasing the number of soil layers from 4 to 14 and the soil depth from 3.0 to 10.8 m. In addition, we found improvements when soil matric potential replaced volumetric water content in the stress equation (the "soill4_psi" experiments), when the critical threshold value for inducing soil moisture stress was reduced ("soil14_p0"), and when plants were able to access soil moisture in deeper soil layers ("soil14_dr*2"). For LE, the biases were highest in the default configuration in temperate mixed forests, with overestimation occurring during most of the year. At these sites, reducing soil moisture stress (with the new parameterizations mentioned above) increased LE and increased model biases but improved the simulated seasonal cycle and brought the monthly variance closer to the measured variance of LE. Further evaluation of the reason for the high bias in LE at many of the sites would enable improvements in both carbon and energy fluxes with new parameterizations for soil moisture stress. Increasing the soil depth and plant access to deep soil moisture improved many aspects of the simulations, and we recommend these settings in future work using JULES or as a general way to improve land surface carbon and water fluxes in other models. In addition, using soil matric potential presents the opportunity to include plant functional type-specific parameters to further improve modeled fluxes.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Anna B Harper) 02 Apr 2024

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04528777v1

[hal-03517042] Environment-sensitivity functions for gross primary productivity in light use efficiency models

The sensitivity of photosynthesis to environmental changes is essential for understanding carbon cycle responses to global climate change and for the development of modeling approaches that explains its spatial and temporal variability. We collected a large variety of published sensitivity functions of gross primary productivity (GPP) to different forcing variables to assess the response of GPP to environmental factors. These include the responses of GPP to temperature; vapor pressure deficit, some of which include the response to atmospheric CO2 concentrations; soil water availability (W); light intensity; and cloudiness. These functions were combined in a full factorial light use efficiency (LUE) model structure, leading to a collection of 5600 distinct LUE models. Each model was optimized against daily GPP and evapotranspiration fluxes from 196 FLUXNET sites and ranked across sites based on a bootstrap approach. The GPP sensitivity to each environmental factor, including CO2 fertilization, was shown to be significant, and that none of the previously published model structures performed as well as the best model selected. From daily and weekly to monthly scales, the best model's median Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency across sites was 0.73, 0.79 and 0.82, respectively, but poorer at annual scales (0.23), emphasizing the common limitation of current models in describing the interannual variability of GPP. Although the best global model did not match the local best model at each site, the selection was robust across ecosystem types. The contribution of light saturation and cloudiness to GPP was observed across all biomes (from 23% to 43%). Temperature and W dominates GPP and LUE but responses of GPP to temperature and W are lagged in cold and arid ecosystems, respectively. The findings of this study provide a foundation towards more robust LUE-based estimates of global GPP and may provide a benchmark for other empirical GPP products.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Shanning Bao) 07 Jan 2022

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03517042v1

[hal-03037249] Mixing has limited impacts on the foliar nutrition of European beech and Scots pine trees across Europe

Tree species-mixing has been suggested as one option to counteract the adverse effects of global change on tree mineral nutrition, yet the effect of mixing on nutrient availability remains poorly documented.We therefore analyzed the current foliar nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) quantities and ilr balances (isometric log transformed ratios between elements or groups of elements) for 261 European beech and 248 Scots pine trees from 15 sites, each consisting of one beech-pine mixed stand and the respective monocultures, across a gradient of environmental conditions in Europe. We hypothesized an overall positive effect of mixing on tree foliar nutrient content, and that this mixing effect would be stronger on nutrient-poor sites. Using linear mixed models and multivariate linear regression models, we first tested for the effects of species (beech/pine) and composition (pure/mixed) across all sites; we then investigated whether the species-mixing effect was related to site fertility.The nutrient composition of beech leaves and pine needles differed significantly for all ilr balances. For both species, significant mixing effects were detected for some nutrients and ilr balances; those effects, however, could not be consistently related to contrasted nutrient composition between species. For most nutrients and ilr balances, the mixing effect was influenced by the site nutritional status, but the pattern differed from expectation: absence or minor differences between monocultures and mixtures at the lower end of the chemical fertility gradient, and maximum differences in rich soils.The contrasting foliar nutrient composition of pine and beech trees and the site nutrient status only partly explained the mixing effects on tree mineral nutrition. Our results claim for a better understanding of nutrientrelated mechanisms associated with complementarity and points towards the need to further expand the existing frameworks to account for the multivariate nature of tree nutrition.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Géraud de Streel) 06 Jan 2025

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03037249v1

[hal-03981723] Dynamics of Foliar Responses to O3 Stress as a Function of Phytotoxic O3 Dose in Hybrid Poplar

With background concentrations having reached phytotoxic levels during the last century, tropospheric ozone (O 3) has become a key climate change agent, counteracting carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems. One of the main knowledge gaps for implementing the recent O 3 ux-based critical levels (CLs) concerns the assessment of effective O 3 dose leading to adverse effects in plants. In this study, we investigate the dynamics of physiological, structural, and morphological responses induced by two levels of O 3 exposure (80 and 100 ppb) in the foliage of hybrid poplar, as a function of phytotoxic O 3 dose (POD 0) and foliar developmental stage. After a latency period driven by foliar ontological development, the gas exchanges and chlorophyll content decreased with higher POD 0 monotonically. Hypersensitive response-like lesions appeared early during exposure and showed sigmoidal-like dynamics, varying according to leaf age. At current POD 1_SPEC CL, notwithstanding the aforementioned reactions and initial visible injury to foliage, the treated poplars had still not shown any growth or biomass reduction. Hence, this study demonstrates the development of a complex syndrome of early reactions below the ux-based CL, with response dynamics closely determined by the foliar ontological stage and environmental conditions. General agreement with patterns observed in the eld appears indicative of early O 3 impacts on processes relevant, e.g., biodiversity ecosystem services before those of economic signi cance-i.e., wood production, as targeted by ux-based CL.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Benjamin Turc) 10 Feb 2023

https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-03981723v1

[hal-04226953] SabaTracheid 1.0: A Novel Program for Quantitative Analysis of Conifer Wood Anatomy — A Demonstration on African Juniper From the Blue Nile Basin

Knowledge about past climates, especially at a seasonal time scale, is important as it allows informed decisions to be made to mitigate future climate change. However, globally, and especially in semi-arid Tropics, instrumental climatic data are scarce. A dendroclimatic approach may fill this gap, but tropical dendrochronological data are rare and do not yet provide fine resolution intra-annual information about past climates. Unlike in the Tropics, in the Mediterranean, temperate, alpine, and arctic regions, dendroanatomy and quantitative wood anatomy (QWA) are progressing fast attaining an intra-annual resolution, which allows a better understanding of seasonal climate dynamics and climate–growth relationships. The existing dendroanatomical and QWA methods aren’t suitable for tropical trees because they do not consider the high variation in tree ring width and the frequent occurrence of micro-rings containing only a few tracheids per radial file. The available tracheid analysis programs generally fail to provide multiple sectors for micro-rings and they are unable to compute most of the useful dendroanatomical parameters at fine temporal resolutions. Here, we present a program (SabaTracheid) that addresses the three main standard tasks that are necessary for QWA and dendroanatomy before running a climate analysis: (1) tracheidogram standardization, (2) sectoring, and (3) computing QWA and dendroanatomical variables. SabaTracheid is demonstrated on African Juniper ( Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl), but it is potentially able to provide fine-resolution QWA and dendroanatomic data that could be used for dendroanatomical studies in all regions of the world. SabaTracheid is a freeware that quickly and accurately standardizes tracheidograms, divides tree rings into multiple regular sectors, computes useful dendroanatomic and QWA variables for the whole tree rings, early- and latewood portions, and each sector separately. This program is particularly adapted to deal with high inter-annual growth variations observed in tropical trees so that it assures the provision of complete sectoral QWA and dendroanatomical data for micro-rings as well. We demonstrate SabaTracheid using a dataset of 30 Juniperus procera tree rings from the Blue Nile basin, in Ethiopia. SabaTracheid ’s ability to provide fine resolution QWA and dendroanatomic data will help the discipline develop in tropical as well as in the Mediterranean and temperate regions.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Eyob Gebrehiwot Gebregeorgis) 03 Oct 2023

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04226953v1

[hal-03880251] Climate sensitivity and drought seasonality determine post-drought growth recovery of Quercus petraea and Quercus robur in Europe

Recent studies have identified strong relationships between delayed recovery of tree growth after drought and tree mortality caused by subsequent droughts. These observations raise concerns about forest ecosystem services and post-drought growth recovery given the projected increase in drought frequency and extremes. For quantifying the impact of extreme droughts on tree radial growth, we used a network of tree-ring width data of 1689 trees from 100 sites representing most of the distribution of two drought tolerant, deciduous oak species (Quercus petraea and Quercus robur). We first examined which climatic factors and seasons control growth of the two species and if there is any latitudinal, longitudinal or elevational trend. We then quantified the relative departure from pre-drought growth during droughts, and how fast trees were able to recover the pre-drought growth level. Our results showed that growth was more related to precipitation and climatic water balance (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) than to temperature. However, we did not detect any clear latitudinal, longitudinal or elevational trends except a decreasing influence of summer water balance on growth of Q. petraea with latitude. Neither species was able to maintain the pre-drought growth level during droughts. However, both species showed rapid recovery or even growth compensation after summer droughts but displayed slow recovery in response to spring droughts where none of the two species was able to fully recover the pre-drought growth-level over the three post-drought years. Collectively, our results indicate that oaks which are considered resilient to extreme droughts have also shown vulnerability when droughts occurred in spring especially at sites where long-term growth is not significantly correlated with climatic factors. This improved understanding of the role of drought seasonality and climate sensitivity of sites is key to better predict trajectories of post-drought growth recovery in response to the drier climate projected for Europe.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Arun Bose) 02 Dec 2022

https://agroparistech.hal.science/hal-03880251v1

[hal-03265612] Turgor – a limiting factor for radial growth in mature conifers along an elevational gradient

A valid representation of intra-annual wood formation processes in global vegetation models is vital for assessing climate change impacts on the forest carbon stock. Yet, wood formation is generally modelled with photosynthesis, despite mounting evidence that cambial activity is rather directly constrained by limiting environmental factors. Here, we apply a state-of-the-art turgor-driven growth model to simulate 4 yr of hourly stem radial increment fromPicea abies(L.) Karst. andLarix deciduaMill. growing along an elevational gradient. For the first time, wood formation observations were used to validate weekly to annual stem radial increment simulations, while environmental measurements were used to assess the climatic constraints on turgor-driven growth. Model simulations matched the observed timing and dynamics of wood formation. Using the detailed model outputs, we identified a strict environmental regulation on stem growth (air temperature > 2 degrees C and soil water potential > -0.6 MPa). Warmer and drier summers reduced the growth rate as a result of turgor limitation despite warmer temperatures being favourable for cambial activity. These findings suggest that turgor is a central driver of the forest carbon sink and should be considered in next-generation vegetation models, particularly in the context of global warming and increasing frequency of droughts.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Richard L Peters) 21 Jun 2021

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03265612v1

[hal-03483916] Phenotypic and genotypic data of a European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) progeny trial issued from three plots along an elevation gradient in Mont Ventoux, South-Eastern France

Key Message: We provide phenotypic and genotypic data for a progeny trial of 5813 European beech seedlings, originating from 60 open-pollinated families collected at three altitudes (1020 m; 1140 m, 1340 m) on Mont Ventoux (44° 11′ N; 17° 5′ E). Background: Considering the patterns of adaptive traits’ genetic divergence and local adaptation displayed by many tree species at large spatial scale, forest tree populations are usually assumed to have a high evolutionary potential (Alberto et al. 2013). However, there is still limited evidence of the level of genetic variation available within population at key functional traits involved in response to climate. Moreover, we also need to investigate the abilities of tree populations to adapt to local variation of their environment (i.e., microgeographic adaptation, Richardson et al. 2014). Abstract: This data paper extensively describes a valuable quantitative genetic experiment designed to address these issues in the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), a major tree species in Europe. Sixty beech maternal progenies were collected in three plots along an elevation gradient and grown in a common garden under two contrasted experimental conditions (water stress/no water stress), to assess how the variation at twelve adaptive traits partitioned within and among families, plots, and experimental contrasts. Moreover, we genotyped a subset of offspring and all the potentially reproductive adults in the three plots at 13 microsatellite markers to infer paternal relationships and to estimate average relatedness within and between maternal families and genetic divergence among plots.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sylvie Oddou-Muratorio) 16 Dec 2021

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03483916v1

[hal-03256165] Extreme drought reduces climatic disequilibrium in dryland plant communities

High rates of climate change are currently exceeding many plant species’ capacity to keep up with climate, leading to mismatches between climatic conditions and climatic preferences of the species present in a community. is disequilibrium between climate and community composition could diminish, however, when critical climate thresh-olds are exceeded, due to population declines or losses among the more mismatched species. Here, we assessed the eﬀect of an extreme drought event on rich semiarid shrubland communities in the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. Using a community climate framework, we compared the community climatic disequilibrium before and after the drought episode on three study sites with diﬀerent levels of precipitation. Disequilibrium was estimated as the diﬀerence between observed reference climate and community-inferred climate, calculated as the mean climatic optimum for the species present, weighted by their abundances. We found that extreme drought embedded within a decadal trend of increasing aridity led to a signiﬁcant reduction in community climatic disequilibrium, and that this reduction was positively related to water deﬁcit (low P/PET values). In contrast, microhabitat variables such as vegetation cover or slope, did not emerge as signiﬁcant predictors of changes in community climatic dis-equilibrium. Our study highlights that extreme drought events pushing communities in the same direction as climate trends may decrease community climatic mismatch, leading to communities more adapted to aridity through loss of drought-sensitive pecies. ese ﬁndings underscore that extreme events will play a crucial role in speeding up climate-induced community transformations and biodiversity losses.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (María Á. Pérez‐navarro) 10 Jun 2021

https://agroparistech.hal.science/hal-03256165v1

[hal-03516955] Shifts in the Abundances of Saprotrophic and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi With Altered Leaf Litter Inputs

Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) and saprotrophic fungi interact in the breakdown of organic matter, but the mechanisms underlying the EcM role on organic matter decomposition are not totally clear. We hypothesized that the ecological relations between EcM and saprotroph fungi are modulated by resources availability and accessibility, determining decomposition rates. We manipulated the amount of leaf litter inputs (No-Litter, Control Litter, Doubled Litter) on Trenched (root exclusion) and Non-Trenched plots (with roots) in a temperate deciduous forest of EcM-associated trees. Resultant shifts in soil fungal communities were determined by phospholipid fatty acids and DNA sequencing after 3 years, and CO2 fluxes were measured throughout this period. Different levels of leaf litter inputs generated a gradient of organic substrate availability and accessibility, altering the composition and ecological relations between EcM and saprotroph fungal communities. EcM fungi dominated at low levels of fresh organic substrates and lower organic matter quality, where short-distances exploration types seem to be better competitors, whereas saprotrophs and longer exploration types of EcM fungi tended to dominate at high levels of leaf litter inputs, where labile organic substrates were easily accessible. We were, however, not able to detect unequivocal signs of competition between these fungal groups for common resources. These results point to the relevance of substrate quality and availability as key factors determining the role of EcM and saprotroph fungi on litter and soil organic matter decay and represent a path forward on the capacity of organic matter decomposition of different exploration types of EcM fungi.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sara Marañón-Jiménez) 07 Jan 2022

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03516955v1

[hal-04219519] Cutting tree rings into time slices: how intra‐annual dynamics of wood formation help decipher the space‐for‐time conversion

Tree-ring anatomy, microdensity and isotope records provide valuable intra-annual information. However, extracting signals at that scale is challenged by the complexity of xylogenesis, where two major processescell enlargement and wall thickeningoccur at different times and rates. We characterized the space-for-time association in the tree rings of three conifer species by examining the duration, overlapping, inter-tree synchronicity and interannual stability during cell enlargement and wall thickening across regular tree-ring sectors (portions of equal tangential width). The number of cells and cell differentiation rates determined the duration of sector formation, which augmented more rapidly throughout the ring for wall thickening than for enlargement. Increasing the number of sectors above c. 15 had a limited effect on improving time resolution because consecutive sector formation overlapped greatly in time, especially in narrow rings and during wall thickening. Increasing the number of sectors also resulted in lower synchronicity and stability of intermediate-sector enlargement, whereas all sectors showed high synchronicity and stability during wall thickening. Increasing the number of sectors had a stronger effect on enhancing time-series resolution for enlargement-than for wall-thickening-related traits, which would nevertheless produce more reliable intra-annual chronologies as a result of the more similar calendars across trees and years in wall thickening.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Gonzalo Pérez‐de‐lis) 27 Sep 2023

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04219519v1

[hal-03419344] History as grounds for interdisciplinarity: promoting sustainable woodlands via an integrative ecological and socio-cultural perspective

While calls for interdisciplinary research in environmental contexts are common, it often remains a struggle to integrate humanities/qualitative social sciences insights with those of bio-physical approaches. We propose that cross-disciplinary historical perspectives can open new avenues for collaboration among social and natural scientists while expanding visions of possible future environments and management scenarios. We make these arguments through attention to woodlands, which are under pressure from complex socio-ecological stressors that can best be understood from interdisciplinary perspectives. By combining deep ecological and shallower social historical approaches, we show how history can both enrich our understandings of woodland pasts and provide a ground for better combining the case-based insights of humanistic history with those of deep-time ecological history. We conclude that such interdisciplinary historical approaches are important not only for research, but also for management (especially rewilding and scenario-building), as the surprisingly large range of past changes reminds us that future conditions can be more varied than typically acknowledged.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Heather Anne Swanson) 08 Nov 2021

https://agroparistech.hal.science/hal-03419344v1

[hal-03981721] Emerging challenges of ozone impacts on asian plants: actions are needed to protect ecosystem health

Context: Ozone concentrations near the land surface are rising in Asia while they are declining or stagnating in Europe and North America. Ozone is the most widespread air pollutant negatively affecting vegetation, and its increased concentrations pose a major threat to food quality and production and other ecosystem services in Asia. Method: In this review, we provide an overview of scientific challenges in the impacts of ozone pollution on Asian vegetation, and synthesize the challenges toward mitigation of the impacts. Result: We argue that new policy initiatives need to seek both reduction of ozone levels and enhancement of plant tolerance to ozone to maintain food quality and ensure food supplies. Conclusion: The scientific advancements must be transferred to actions by two types of institutions: a) environmental agencies for reducing ozone levels and b) agricultural research institutions for enhancing plant tolerance to ozone. In connecting the scientific advancements with the institutional actions, scientists in Asian countries should play the key role taking advantages of interdisciplinary and international collaborations.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Zhaozhong Feng) 10 Feb 2023

https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-03981721v1

[hal-04155358] Les observatoires des peuplements dévastés et mités après tempête, 2e partie

[...]

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lisa Laurent) 07 Jul 2023

https://hal.science/hal-04155358v1

[hal-03880244] Contrasting Resource Dynamics in Mast Years for European Beech and Oak—A Continental Scale Analysis

Resource allocation to different plant tissues is likely to be affected by high investment into fruit production during mast years. However, there is a large knowledge gap concerning species-specific differences in resource dynamics. We investigated the influence of mast years on stem growth, leaf production, and leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations and contents in Fagus sylvatica , Quercus petraea , and Q. robur at continental and climate region scales using long-term data from the International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests) and similar datasets. We discussed the results in the light of opposing resource dynamics hypotheses: (i) resource accumulation before mast years and exhaustion after mast years ( resource storage hypothesis ), (ii) shifting resources from vegetative to generative compartments ( resource switching hypothesis ), and (iii) investing resources concurrently in both vegetative and generative compartments ( resource matching hypothesis ). Linear mixed-effects modelling (LMM) showed that both stem growth and leaf production were negatively influenced by weather conditions which simultaneously lead to high fruit production. Thus, the impact of generative on vegetative growth is intermixed with effects of environmental factors. Superposed epoch analyses and LMM showed that for mast behaviour in F. sylvatica , there are indicators supporting the resource storage and the resource switching hypotheses . Before mast years, resources were accumulated, while during mast years resources switched from vegetative to generative tissues with reduced stem and leaf growth. For the Quercus species, stem growth was reduced after mast years, which supports the resource storage hypothesis . LMM showed that leaf C concentrations did not change with increasing fruit production in neither species. Leaf N and P concentrations increased in F. sylvatica , but not in Quercus species. Leaf N and P contents decreased with increasing fruit production in all species, as did leaf C content in F. sylvatica . Overall, our findings suggest different resource dynamics strategies in F. sylvatica and Quercus species, which might lead to differences in their adaptive capacity to a changing climate.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Anita Nussbaumer) 02 Dec 2022

https://agroparistech.hal.science/hal-03880244v1

[hal-03361243] Four-year-performance of oak and pine seedlings following mechanical site preparation with lightweight excavators

Mechanical site preparation methods that used tools mounted on lightweight excavators and that provided localised intensive preparation were tested in eight experimental sites across France where the vegetation was dominated either by (L.) Moench or (L.) Kuhn. Two lightweight tools (Deep Scarifier: DS; Deep Scarifier followed by Multifunction Subsoiler: DS+MS) were tested in pine ( L., var. (Loudon) Hyl. or Aiton) and oak ( (Matt.) Liebl. or L.) plantations. Regional methods commonly used locally (herbicide, disk harrow, mouldboard plow) and experimental methods (repeated herbicide application; untreated control) were used as references in the experiments. Neighbouring vegetation cover, seedling survival, height and basal diameter were assessed over three to five years after plantation. For pines growing in , seedling diameter after four years was 37% and 98% greater in DS and DS+MS, respectively, than in the untreated control. For pines growing in , it was 62% and 107% greater in the same treatments. For oak, diameter was only 4% and 15% greater in , and 13% and 25% greater in , in the same treatments. For pines, the survival rate after four years was 26% and 32% higher in and 64% and 70% higher in , in the same treatments. For oak, it was 3% and 29% higher in and 37% and 31% higher in . Herbicide, when applied for three or four years after planting, provided the best growth performances for pines growing in and and for oaks growing in . For these species and site combinations, DS+MS and DS treatments reduced the neighbouring vegetation cover for one to four years following site preparation. Molinia caerulea Pteridium aquilinum Pinus sylvestris Pinus nigra corsicana Pinus pinaster Quercus petraea Quercus robur M. caerulea P. aquilinum M. caerulea P. aquilinum M. caerulea P. aquilinum M. caerulea P. aquilinum M. caerulea P. aquilinum P. aquilinum.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Noé Dumas) 10 Nov 2021

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03361243v1

[hal-04155557] Les observatoires des peuplements dévastés et mités après tempête, 1re partie

[...]

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lisa Laurent) 07 Jul 2023

https://hal.science/hal-04155557v1

[hal-03926049] Canopy openness and exclusion of wild ungulates act synergistically to improve oak natural regeneration

Abstract Key message Fifteen species are most susceptible to require vegetation control during tree regeneration in the range of our study. Among these 15 species, Rubus fruticosus , Pteridium aquilinum , and Molinia caerulea cover each more than 300,000 ha of open-canopy forests. Context Vegetation control, i.e., the reduction of competitive species cover, is often required to promote tree seedling establishment during the forest regeneration stage. The necessity to control understory vegetation largely depends on the species to be controlled. In order to plan forest renewal operations, it is critical to identify which species require vegetation control during the regeneration stage and to quantify the forest area affected by these species. Aims We aimed at identifying the main species requiring vegetation control and at estimating the forest area they cover at the national level. Methods Using National Forest Inventory data, we created four indicators based on two levels of plant cover, cross-referenced with two levels of canopy opening, and compared them to the outcome of a survey of forest manager practices. Results The best indicator was the one that represented the proportion of forests with open canopy where the species was present with a large cover in the understory. In non-Mediterranean France, according to the indicator, a total of 15 species were found to frequently require vegetation control during the tree regeneration stage. Pteridium aquilinum , Molinia caerulea , and Rubus fruticosus were the main species, and each covered more than 300,000 ha of forest with open canopies, representing about 13% of the total forest area with open canopies outside of the Mediterranean area. Conclusions Forests covered by species requiring vegetation control according to forest managers represent a large share of the forest area undergoing regeneration. This study provides the first list of species that require vegetation control based on a methodological protocol that makes it possible to calculate the area associated with each species.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Julien Barrere) 22 Mar 2023

https://hal.science/hal-03926049v1

[hal-03334029] Vertical variations in wood basic density for two softwood species

Studies on wood basic density (BD) vertical variations become essential to predict more accurately the within-stem distributions of biomass and wood quality in the forest resource. The vertical variation of wood BD in the stem has been little studied until now, most BD studies being based on measurements taken at breast height. The main objective of this work was to observe and to understand the patterns of vertical BD variation within stems in relation to classical dendrometric variables and to propose relevant equation forms for future modelling. Two softwood species were studied: Abies alba and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Contrasted thinning intensities were studied including strongly thinned plots versus control plots without thinning. BD was most of the time highest at the base of the tree for both species. Then, after a strong decrease from the base of the tree, an increase in BD was often observed towards the top of the tree especially for A. alba. The variation in BD with height was stronger for the unthinned plots than for the heavily thinned ones of A. alba. The opposite was observed for Ps. menziesii. The modulation of growth rate and tree size through thinning intensities modifies the observed vertical variations in BD. Two types of biexponential models were proposed to describe BD variations. The first model used the height in the stem and classical easily-measurable tree variables as inputs, the other one additionally used BD at breast height (BD130). The relative RMSE of BD for A. alba and Ps. menziesii were 9.9% and 8.1%, respectively, with the model without BD130 and 7.6% and 5.9%, respectively, with the model including BD130.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Antoine Billard) 29 Aug 2024

https://hal.science/hal-03334029v1

[hal-03955976] Observatoire des peuplements dévastés et mités après tempête (1999). 1 - Analyse des dynamiques naturelles forestières après deux décennies

L’observatoire des peuplements dévastés et mités a été mis en place après la tempête de 1999 pour caractériser les différentes dynamiques de reconstitution des peuplements touchés par la tempête. 20 ans de suivi ont permis de montrer que la régénération naturelle s’installe en quantité suffisante dans de nombreux sites. L’étude de la dynamique de reconstitution naturelle a permis de mettre en évidence l’importance de la taille de la trouée et de la composition du peuplement antécédent dans la modulation de la succession forestière.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lisa Laurent) 25 Jan 2023

https://hal.science/hal-03955976v1

[hal-03225001] Physiological and anatomical responses to drought stress differ between two larch species and their hybrid

Abstract Key Message Hybrid saplings were more reactive to soil water deficit than Japanese and European larch. European larch had hydraulically safer wood and anisohydric behavior, Japanese and hybrid larch showed isohydric strategy. Abstract Deciduous larch species could be an alternative to evergreen conifers in reforestation, but little is known about drought sensitivity of their saplings. The effect of an experimental drought on hydraulics and quantitative wood anatomy was tested on saplings of European larch (EL, Larix decidua ), Japanese larch (JL, Larix kaempferi ) and their hybrid (HL). Across species, biomass, transpiration rate and relative water content were higher in controls than in drought stressed trees, but transpiration efficiency was lower. JL had the highest transpiration efficiency under drought, and EL the lowest, coinciding with slower growth of EL. Wood of EL formed before drought was hydraulically safer as shown by higher wall/lumen ratio and lower pit cavity area. EL neither had a significant increase in transpiration efficiency nor a reduction in transpiration rate under drought, suggesting that the stomata remained open under soil water deficit. HL saplings were the most reactive to water shortage, indicated by intra-annual density fluctuations and a decrease in relative water content of the sapwood. Significant reduction in transpiration by HL suggested a higher stomatal sensitivity, while the same leaf surface area was maintained and radial growth was still similar to its best parent, the JL. The latter showed a significantly lower leaf surface area under drought than controls. EL, with its hydraulically safer wood, followed an anisohydric behavior, while JL and HL revealed an isohydric strategy. Altogether, our results suggest species dependent acclimations to drought stress, whereby HL followed the strategy of JL rather than that of EL.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nadia Sasani) 25 Oct 2023

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03225001v1

[hal-03168867] Historical ecology of Mediterranean forests: Land use legacies on current understorey plants differ with time since abandonment and former agricultural use

Questions: Land use legacies in current forest understorey vegetation, thoroughly studied in temperate regions, were investigated in a Mediterranean context. We tested the effect of three historical variables on current forest plant communities and traits: forest temporal continuity (ancient: forested before 1860, recent: reforested after 1860, and very recent forest: reforested after 1958) and type of land use in 1860 and 1958 (forest, pasture or arable land). Location: The Regional Natural Park of Luberon (southeastern France). Methods: We used a comprehensive vegetation plot database (473 species in 1,429 plots). Species’ response to historical variables was tested with logistic regressions, and the relationship between plant traits and historical variables was analysed with RLQ and fourth‐corner analyses. Results: Among all studied species, 250 responded to forest temporal continuity, 208 to 1860 land use, and 246 to 1958 land use. Species associated with ancient forests were more frequently forest specialists or forest edge species, shade‐tolerant and perennials, while species associated with recent and very recent forests were more frequently annuals, anemochorous and heliophilous species. Species exhibited different traits and ecological preferences according to the type of land use prior to forest: therophytes were more frequent on former arable land while chamaephytes were more frequent on former pasture. Trait responses to 1860 and 1958 land uses were globally consistent. Conclusions: The effect of forest temporal continuity and past land use on forest understorey communities was consistent with other studies in northern Europe or northern America, which suggests that the same ecological processes apply in temperate lowland and Mediterranean regions. This study highlights a succession of plant communities in the long term and different trajectories of succession according to the type of former agricultural use. The long‐term legacies of past land use in current forest plant communities highlight the importance to preserve ancient forests, where typical forest species can be maintained.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Juliet Abadie) 19 Apr 2021

https://hal.science/hal-03168867v1

[hal-03956007] Observatoire des peuplements dévastés et mités après tempête (1999). 2 - Éléments de diagnostic pour optimiser la reconstitution des peuplements sinistrés

L’observatoire des peuplements dévastés et mités mis en place quelques années après la tempête de 1999 a permis le suivi pendant 20 ans de la reconstitution forestière en l’absence de travaux sylvicoles. Le travail d’analyse des données propose des éléments de diagnostic sur la façon de discriminer les situations où la régénération naturelle est suffisante pour assurer un objectif de reconstitution et les situations où des travaux de plantation (en plein ou en enrichissement) seraient nécessaires. Sur la base de cette étude, l’article présente plusieurs pistes de réflexion autour de la qualité de la reconstitution des parcelles sinistrées.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lisa Laurent) 25 Jan 2023

https://hal.science/hal-03956007v1

[hal-03533462] Maladie des bandes rouges : le pin laricio souffre mais ne rompt pas !

L’investissement de longue date des organismes forestiers de recherche et de développement dans l’installation et le suivi de réseaux d’expérimentation sylvicole, comme le GIS Coopérative des données sur la croissance des peuplements forestiers, permet d’étudier le lien entre sylviculture et maladie des bandes rouges sur un large panel de dispositifs de pins laricio en France. L’impact de la maladie des bandes rouges sur la mortalité et la croissance a été suivi pendant 3 ans. L’étude montre que la mortalité est très faible mais que la croissance est fortement réduite, proportionnellement aux niveaux de dégâts dans les houppiers causés par la maladie. Elle montre également qu’en gérant les peuplements de manière dynamique, on limite les symptômes de la maladie et donc la perte de production. Cet article a été publié dans le cadre d’un dossier intitulé « Le pin laricio, toujours d’actualité : résultats du programme Dolar » paru dans le n° 259/2021 de Forêt entreprise.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sandrine Perret) 18 Jan 2022

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03533462v1

[hal-03326748] Early effects of two planting densities on growth dynamics and water-use efficiency in Robinia pseudoacacia (L.) and Populus deltoides (Bartr. ex Marsh.) × P. nigra (L.) short rotation plantations

Context: Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is an interesting tree species for woody biomass production. However, its potential for this purpose has been much less studied and characterized than that for species from the Salicaceae family (i.e., poplar and willow). Aims: The objective of our study was to evaluate the potential of black locust for biomass production as compared to that of poplar. Methods: We estimated biomass production, growth habit, and efficiency of water use of two provenances of black locust (1) compared to those of poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. × P. nigra L.), (2) at two planting densities, and (3) 2 and 4 years after planting. Results: Black locust had a very different growth habit, much higher biomass production, and larger water-use efficiency than poplar. These differences were exacerbated during the driest year of the experiment. However, black locust responded very badly to harvesting. Conclusion: Black locust was more productive and more efficient in terms of water use than poplar, especially during the driest year of the experiment.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Julien Toillon) 29 Aug 2022

https://hal.science/hal-03326748v1

[hal-03596873] Étude du choix de lieu de ponte par le hanneton forestier dans les Vosges du Nord

Le hanneton forestier est une espèce importante de coléoptère à potentiel ravageur des forêts mixtes et feuillues européennes. Afin de mieux comprendre son écologie, nous avons étudié le comportement de ponte des femelles dans les Vosges du Nord. Nous avons mis en évidence qu’une strate arbustive dense est négativement corrélée à la densité de pontes et d’œufs dans le sol. Au contraire, l’ouverture de la canopée et la proportion de surface terrière de chêne dans le peuplement alentour étaient toutes deux positivement corrélées avec les densités de pontes et d’œufs. Nous émettons l’hypothèse qu’une couche arbustive dense crée une barrière physique pour les femelles. D’autre part, une canopée ouverte pourrait améliorer les conditions pour les larves dans le sol, tout comme une proportion élevée de chênes dans la zone environnante peut fournir une bonne source de nourriture pour les larves et les adultes.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérémy Cours) 04 Mar 2022

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03596873v1

[hal-03236882] Oviposition preference of the forest cockchafer (Melolontha hippocastani Fabr. 1801) at the stand scale depends on oak proportion, canopy openness and ground accessibility

AbstractKey messageMelolontha hippocastani is a major pest in European mixed and broadleaf forests. Investigating its oviposition behavior, we observed that a dense shrub layer reduces the density of egg clusters and eggs in the soil. Conversely, canopy openness and a large proportion of oak appear as favoring conditions.ContextMelolontha hippocastani is a major pest in European mixed and broadleaf forests. In north-eastern France, an epidemic phase has been observed since 2007, characterized by a high mortality rate of seedlings and young trees, and by massive swarming flights every 4 years.AimsWe investigated the oviposition behavior of M. hippocastani in the northern Vosges Mountains.MethodsWe set up study plots in the infected area after adults had emerged and the females had laid their eggs. We excavated pits and counted the eggs and egg clusters they contained. We also carried out dendrometric surveys.ResultsA dense shrub layer had a negative effect on the density of egg clusters and the number of eggs in the soil, while canopy openness and the proportion of oak basal area had positive effects.ConclusionWe hypothesized that a dense shrub layer could create a barrier for females. On the other hand, an open canopy may improve conditions for the larvae in the soil, just as a high proportion of oak trees in the surrounding area may provide a good food source for both larvae and adults. We suggest several research orientations and propose guidelines for forest management in view of our results.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérémy Cours) 30 May 2022

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03236882v1

[hal-03231137] Historical ecology and ancient forests: Progress, conservation issues and scientific prospects, with some examples from the French case

Forest area has dramatically increased since the beginning or middle of the 19th century in European countries. At least half of the forests present today have grown on formerly cultivated lands, pastures or heathlands. However, net forest expansion largely masks a slow but irretrievable erosion of ancient forests. Meanwhile, forest resource harvesting (biomass, litter) has fundamentally changed during the last two centuries, moving from intensive biomass removal to increased growing stocks in different European countries. This article reviews the current knowledge on the long-term legacies of past land use and forest management practices and their effects on the functions, diversity and composition of understory vegetation of current forest ecosystems. First, we define the concepts of forest continuity and ancient forest. Then, based on the French case, we present the advances in historical sources, which make it possible to better reconstruct the change in land use and forest management practices over the last two hundred years. We review how understory plant communities and their traits respond to forest continuity and to different types of former agricultural uses, both at local and landscape scales. We then address three important issues for conservation and management: the conservation value of ancient forests, the impact of forest management on the ecological integrity of ancient forests, and the under-explored legacies of former forest management practices on soil and understory vegetation. Lastly, we propose five main fronts for future research efforts: (a) explore all types of cartographic, written sources and environmental markers; (b) develop modelling approaches to understand how past land use shapes plant communities; (c) better define the conservation value of ancient forests in conservation and management policies; (d) investigate how drivers of global change interact with forest management and land use legacies and (e) explore land use legacies in mountain and Mediterranean socio-ecological systems.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laurent Bergès) 20 May 2021

https://hal.science/hal-03231137v1

[hal-04214003] Dynamiques forestières à l'ère anthropocène : mise au point sémantique et proposition de définitions écologiques

Dans cette mise au point sémantique, nous proposons de formaliser une série de définitions des termes les plus fréquemment utilisés pour qualifier une forêt selon son degré d’anthropisation. La forêt est appréhendée ici sous sa dimension écosystémique, incluant biotope et biocœnose. Dans un souci de robustesse conceptuelle, nous nous appuyons sur quatre théories scientifiques : la théorie des communautés végétales, la théorie des successions écologiques, la théorie des perturbations et la théorie de la hiérarchie, dont les contributions sont brièvement analysées. Sur cette base, nous reprenons un certain nombre de définitions et en proposons de nouvelles, de manière à qualifier une forêt selon quatre attributs fondamentaux : son origine et sa genèse ; son degré de naturalité ; son historicité et sa morphologie. Chaque définition est explicitée, argumentée et illustrée à l’aide d’exemples concrets. Nous concluons par une réflexion ouverte sur le concept d’état de référence pour une forêt.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Guillaume Decocq) 21 Sep 2023

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04214003v1

[hal-03225004] The relationship between plant growth and water consumption: a history from the classical four elements to modern stable isotopes

AbstractKey messageThe history of the relationship between plant growth and water consumption is retraced by following the progression of scientific thought through the centuries: from a purely philosophical question, to conceptual and methodological developments, towards a research interest in plant functioning and the interaction with the environment.ContextThe relationship between plant growth and water consumption has for a long time occupied the minds of philosophers and natural scientists. The ratio between biomass accumulation and water consumption is known as water use efficiency and is widely relevant today in fields as diverse as plant improvement, forest ecology and climate change. Defined at scales varying from single leaf physiology to whole plants, it shows how botanical investigations changed through time, generally in tandem with developing disciplines and improving methods. The history started as a purely philosophical question by Greek philosophers of how plants grow, progressed through thought and actual experiments, towards an interest in the functioning of plants and the relationship to the environment.AimsThis article retraces this history by following the progression of scientific questions posed through the centuries, and presents not only the main methodological and conceptual developments on biomass growth and transpiration but also the development of the carbon isotopic method of estimation. The history of research on photosynthesis is only touched briefly, but the development of research on transpiration and stomatal conductance is presented with more detail.ConclusionResearch on water use efficiency, following a path from the whole plant to leaf-level functioning, was strongly involved in the historical development of the discipline of plant ecophysiology and is still a very active research field across nearly all levels of botanical research.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Oliver Brendel) 02 May 2022

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03225004v1

[hal-03167847] Recent increase in European forest harvests as based on area estimates (Ceccherini et al. 2020a) not confirmed in the French case

A recent paper by Ceccherini et al. (2020a) reported an abrupt increase of 30% in the French harvested forest area in 2016–2018 compared to 2004–2015. A re-analysis of their data rather led us to conclude that, when accounting for the singular effect of storm Klaus, the rate of change in harvested area depended on the change year used to separate the two periods to compare. Moreover, the comparison with data on harvested volumes from different sources brought contrasted results depending on the source. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that wood harvest increased in France in 2016–2018 compared to 2004–2015. The discrepancy between Ceccherini et al.’s data and other data on harvested volumes points out the difficulty of reconciling different approaches to estimate wood harvest at a country level.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nicolas Picard) 01 Dec 2022

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03167847v1

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Productions 2021

HAL : Dernières publications

[hal-03282821] The GenTree Platform: growth traits and tree-level environmental data in 12 European forest tree species

[hal-03013971] Scientific and human errors in a snow model intercomparison

[hal-03174198] Pulse labelling of deep soil layers in forest with 13 CH 4 : testing a new method for tracing methane in the upper horizons, understorey vegetation and tree stems using laserbased spectrometry

[hal-03412975] Are differences among forest tree populations in carbon isotope composition an indication for adaptation to drought?

[hal-03137074] Shifts in soil and plant functional diversity along an altitudinal gradient in the French Alps

[hal-04674563] The three major axes of terrestrial ecosystem function

[hal-03261880] Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: the SAPFLUXNET database

[hal-02934522] Estimation of dairy goat body composition: A direct calibration and comparison of eight methods

[hal-03516967] Retrieval and validation of forest background reflectivity from daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) data across European forests

[hal-04226966] Drought elicits contrasting responses on the autumn dynamics of wood formation in late successional deciduous tree species

[hal-02735790] The within-population variability of leaf spring and autumn phenology is influenced by temperature in temperate deciduous trees

[hal-03299186] Mixing beech with fir or pubescent oak does not help mitigate drought exposure at the limit of its climatic range

[hal-04229676] A comprehensive framework for seasonal controls of leaf abscission and productivity in evergreen broadleaved tropical and subtropical forests

[hal-03278925] Method comparison of indirect assessments of understory leaf area index (LAIu): A case study across the extended network of ICOS forest ecosystem sites in Europe

[hal-03423711] Quels besoins de connaissances pour le futur des forêts en France ? Au-delà du plan de relance

[hal-03424361] Mixture effect on radial stem and shoot growth differs and varies with temperature

[hal-03334205] Numerical classification of the Carici caryophylleae-Genistetea lobelii in Corsica (France)

[hal-03293479] The climatic debt is growing in the understorey of temperate forests: Stand characteristics matter

[hal-03780057] Mechanical properties of secondary quality beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) obtained from thinning, and their relationship to structural parameters

[hal-04528777] Improvement of modeling plant responses to low soil moisture in JULESvn4.9 and evaluation against flux tower measurements

[hal-03517042] Environment-sensitivity functions for gross primary productivity in light use efficiency models

[hal-03037249] Mixing has limited impacts on the foliar nutrition of European beech and Scots pine trees across Europe

[hal-03981723] Dynamics of Foliar Responses to O3 Stress as a Function of Phytotoxic O3 Dose in Hybrid Poplar

[hal-04226953] SabaTracheid 1.0: A Novel Program for Quantitative Analysis of Conifer Wood Anatomy — A Demonstration on African Juniper From the Blue Nile Basin

[hal-03880251] Climate sensitivity and drought seasonality determine post-drought growth recovery of Quercus petraea and Quercus robur in Europe

[hal-03265612] Turgor – a limiting factor for radial growth in mature conifers along an elevational gradient

[hal-03483916] Phenotypic and genotypic data of a European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) progeny trial issued from three plots along an elevation gradient in Mont Ventoux, South-Eastern France

[hal-03256165] Extreme drought reduces climatic disequilibrium in dryland plant communities

[hal-03516955] Shifts in the Abundances of Saprotrophic and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi With Altered Leaf Litter Inputs

[hal-04219519] Cutting tree rings into time slices: how intra‐annual dynamics of wood formation help decipher the space‐for‐time conversion

[hal-03419344] History as grounds for interdisciplinarity: promoting sustainable woodlands via an integrative ecological and socio-cultural perspective

[hal-03981721] Emerging challenges of ozone impacts on asian plants: actions are needed to protect ecosystem health

[hal-04155358] Les observatoires des peuplements dévastés et mités après tempête, 2e partie

[hal-03880244] Contrasting Resource Dynamics in Mast Years for European Beech and Oak—A Continental Scale Analysis

[hal-03361243] Four-year-performance of oak and pine seedlings following mechanical site preparation with lightweight excavators

[hal-04155557] Les observatoires des peuplements dévastés et mités après tempête, 1re partie

[hal-03926049] Canopy openness and exclusion of wild ungulates act synergistically to improve oak natural regeneration

[hal-03334029] Vertical variations in wood basic density for two softwood species

[hal-03955976] Observatoire des peuplements dévastés et mités après tempête (1999). 1 - Analyse des dynamiques naturelles forestières après deux décennies

[hal-03225001] Physiological and anatomical responses to drought stress differ between two larch species and their hybrid

[hal-03168867] Historical ecology of Mediterranean forests: Land use legacies on current understorey plants differ with time since abandonment and former agricultural use

[hal-03956007] Observatoire des peuplements dévastés et mités après tempête (1999). 2 - Éléments de diagnostic pour optimiser la reconstitution des peuplements sinistrés

[hal-03533462] Maladie des bandes rouges : le pin laricio souffre mais ne rompt pas !

[hal-03326748] Early effects of two planting densities on growth dynamics and water-use efficiency in Robinia pseudoacacia (L.) and Populus deltoides (Bartr. ex Marsh.) × P. nigra (L.) short rotation plantations

[hal-03596873] Étude du choix de lieu de ponte par le hanneton forestier dans les Vosges du Nord

[hal-03236882] Oviposition preference of the forest cockchafer (Melolontha hippocastani Fabr. 1801) at the stand scale depends on oak proportion, canopy openness and ground accessibility

[hal-03231137] Historical ecology and ancient forests: Progress, conservation issues and scientific prospects, with some examples from the French case

[hal-04214003] Dynamiques forestières à l'ère anthropocène : mise au point sémantique et proposition de définitions écologiques

[hal-03225004] The relationship between plant growth and water consumption: a history from the classical four elements to modern stable isotopes

[hal-03167847] Recent increase in European forest harvests as based on area estimates (Ceccherini et al. 2020a) not confirmed in the French case